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This project studies how the swiftness of punishment – the delay from committing an offense to being punished – affects behavior. The context of our study is the enforcement of speeding tickets via automated speed cameras. We track the full driving history of almost 50,000 ticketed cars over almost 4 years. In addition to observing speed outcomes, we also measure timely compliance with the payment notification. We exploit two sources of exogenous variation in the delay of sending speeding ticket: (1) Quasi-experimental variation due to administrative backlogs allows identifying the effects of long delays (one to three months)relative to intermediate delays (up to one month). (2) Truly experimental variation induced by randomizing the sequence in which tickets are sent. The latter design allows us to identify the effect of swift punishment (within 1--4days) relative to  intermediate delays. To benchmark our results, we also resent predictions from an expert survey among Economists and Criminologists.